Adequação do HFS Plus
Embora o Time Machine precise usar o HFS Plus para a maioria das coisas, é importante notar que o sistema de arquivos não é ideal para a tarefa .
Um exemplo
Coincidência: algumas horas após minha primeira edição desta resposta, meu próprio volume do Time Machine Backups (uma imagem de disco de pacote insuficiente) sofreu uma falha no sistema de arquivos. Estou certo de que o armazenamento subjacente está bom - um pool do ZFS foi limpo, sem erros, antes e depois da falha do HFS Plus. Para o registro:
2013-06-07 18:02:54.332 com.apple.backupd[18433] Starting automatic backup
2013-06-07 18:02:56.292 com.apple.backupd[18433] Resizing backup disk image from 2.65 TB to 2.6 TB
2013-06-07 18:03:34.119 com.apple.backupd[18433] Disk image /Volumes/tall/com.apple.backupd/GPES3E-gjp4-1.sparsebundle mounted at: /Volumes/Time Machine Backups
2013-06-07 18:03:35.244 com.apple.backupd[18433] Backing up to: /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb
2013-06-07 18:03:44.013 com.apple.backupd[18433] Inherited root volume OS, UUID: C5C41F95-133B-3EB0-9013-F94DAAA0D99B
2013-06-07 18:03:44.147 com.apple.backupd[18433] Forcing deep traversal on source: "OS" (mount: '/' fsUUID: 03AF4C8A-66E8-3DE2-B30F-176C0C2337C3 eventDBUUID: BDCB9532-A4A8-4B94-A6C1-928FD741B07A)
2013-06-07 18:03:44.148 com.apple.backupd[18433] Event store UUIDs don't match for volume: spare
2013-06-07 18:03:44.150 com.apple.backupd[18433] Event store UUIDs don't match for volume: disk0s3
2013-06-07 18:03:47.612 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-103948 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:47.663 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-215311 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:47.714 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-075155 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:47.764 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-055748 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:47.827 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-220121 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:47.888 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-081211 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:47.966 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-215312 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.025 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-235752 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.087 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-140311 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.145 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-215718 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.202 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-005749 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.261 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-235753 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.321 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-160310 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.558 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-074020 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.619 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-025748 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.709 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-015751 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.904 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-025749 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:48.954 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-015752 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.004 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-130310 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.055 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-045748 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.162 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-215950 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.211 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-092036 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.273 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-035751 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.321 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-225752 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.371 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-065747 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.420 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-045749 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.470 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-213710 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.519 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-091305 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.589 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-150310 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.639 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-065748 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.688 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-074521 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.776 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-220105 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.838 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-225749 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:49.899 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-092118 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:50.119 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-120311 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:50.388 com.apple.backupd[18433] Mobile backup /Volumes/MobileBackups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-07-035749 does not contain spare. Skipping it.
2013-06-07 18:03:51.141 com.apple.backupd[18433] Deep event scan at path:/ reason:must scan subdirs|require scan|
2013-06-07 18:03:51.141 com.apple.backupd[18433] Finished scan
2013-06-07 18:16:29.077 com.apple.backupd[18433] Deep event scan at path:/Volumes/spare reason:must scan subdirs|new event db|
2013-06-07 18:16:29.086 com.apple.backupd[18433] Finished scan
2013-06-07 18:16:29.570 com.apple.backupd[18433] Deep event scan at path:/Volumes/disk0s3 reason:must scan subdirs|new event db|
2013-06-07 18:16:29.786 com.apple.backupd[18433] Finished scan
2013-06-07 18:16:30.310 com.apple.backupd[18433] Found 1695685 files (84.93 GB) needing backup
2013-06-07 18:16:31.053 com.apple.backupd[18433] 109.44 GB required (including padding), 2 TB available
2013-06-07 18:54:10.918 com.apple.backupd[18433] Unexpected result from MDBackupIndexFile (1) for: /Applications/Freenet/datastore/CHK-cache.hd, /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-215332.inProgress/9086512E-E386-475E-AE99-34BAA1D2E485/OS/Applications/Freenet/datastore/CHK-cache.hd
2013-06-07 18:54:24.848 com.apple.backupd[18433] Unexpected result from MDBackupIndexFile (1) for: /Applications/Freenet/datastore/CHK-store.hd, /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-215332.inProgress/9086512E-E386-475E-AE99-34BAA1D2E485/OS/Applications/Freenet/datastore/CHK-store.hd
2013-06-07 19:03:44.609 com.apple.backupd[18433] Copied 18.81 GB of 84.93 GB, 460244 of 1695685 items
2013-06-07 20:03:44.827 com.apple.backupd[18433] Copied 34.12 GB of 84.93 GB, 815234 of 1695685 items
2013-06-07 21:03:54.004 com.apple.backupd[18433] Copied 40.73 GB of 84.93 GB, 1013214 of 1695685 items
2013-06-07 22:03:54.678 com.apple.backupd[18433] Copied 67.55 GB of 84.93 GB, 1508426 of 1695685 items
2013-06-07 22:28:43.226 com.apple.backupd[18433] Copied 1786731 files (77.59 GB) from volume OS.
2013-06-07 22:28:49.157 com.apple.backupd[18433] Unexpected result from MDBackupIndexFile (1) for: /Volumes/spare/Tocar y Luchar JAA.cdr, /Volumes/Time Machine Backups/Backups.backupdb/GPES3E-gjp4-1/2013-06-06-215332.inProgress/9086512E-E386-475E-AE99-34BAA1D2E485/spare/Tocar y Luchar JAA.cdr
2013-06-07 22:28:51.508 com.apple.backupd[18433] Error: Flushing index to disk returned an error: 1
2013-06-07 22:28:51.508 com.apple.backupd[18433] Copied 1786746 files (77.59 GB) from volume spare.
2013-06-07 22:29:11.108 com.apple.backupd[18433] Backup canceled.
2013-06-07 22:29:23.227 com.apple.backupd[18433] Ejected Time Machine disk image: /Volumes/tall/com.apple.backupd/GPES3E-gjp4-1.sparsebundle
2013-06-07 23:10:44.791 com.apple.backupd[28884] Starting automatic backup
2013-06-07 23:10:45.269 com.apple.backupd[28884] Backup failed with error: 1002
2013-06-07 23:10:45.382 com.apple.backupd[28884] Starting automatic backup
2013-06-07 23:10:46.446 com.apple.backupd[28884] Resizing backup disk image from 2.6 TB to 2.6 TB
2013-06-07 23:10:50.162 com.apple.backupd[28884] Runtime corruption detected on /Volumes/tall/com.apple.backupd/GPES3E-gjp4-1.sparsebundle (fsck_hfs -q termination status: 3)
a mensagem em 2013-06-07 22:28:49 é atraente, mas esperada no meu caso (sintoma de um bug envolvendo o HFS Plus; uma corrupção que envolve o AppleFSCompression) - provavelmente insignificante no contexto desta resposta
a mensagem em 2013-06-07 22:28:51 pode ser mais relevante para a falha do sistema de arquivos.
/private/var/log/fsck_hfs.log
então mostrou:
/dev/rdisk7s2: fsck_hfs run at Fri Jun 7 23:10:48 2013
/dev/rdisk7s2: ** /dev/rdisk7s2 (NO WRITE)
/dev/rdisk7s2: Executing fsck_hfs (version diskdev_cmds-557.3.1~5).
QUICKCHECK ONLY; FILESYSTEM DIRTY
/dev/rdisk7s2: fsck_hfs run at Fri Jun 7 23:10:49 2013
/dev/rdisk7s2: ** /dev/rdisk7s2 (NO WRITE)
/dev/rdisk7s2: Executing fsck_hfs (version diskdev_cmds-557.3.1~5).
QUICKCHECK ONLY; FILESYSTEM DIRTY
Confirmando que nenhum erro afetou o armazenamento subjacente no momento:
GPES3E-gjp4-1:~ gjp22$ date
Sat 8 Jun 2013 06:57:46 BST
GPES3E-gjp4-1:~ gjp22$ uptime
6:57 up 21:51, 5 users, load averages: 0.92 1.27 1.37
GPES3E-gjp4-1:~ gjp22$ zpool status
pool: gjp22
state: ONLINE
scan: scrub repaired 0 in 24h8m with 0 errors on Sat May 25 23:25:38 2013
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
gjp22 ONLINE 0 0 0
GPTE_71B8BDA2-3EBA-4B91-9E1C-2AE2B1DAAD06 ONLINE 0 0 0 at disk3s2
cache
GPTE_2605CCB0-67B7-4C93-A4B1-83EF764CE617 OFFLINE 1.48Ki 0
errors: No known data errors
pool: tall
state: ONLINE
scan: scrub repaired 0 in 28h10m with 0 errors on Sun May 26 18:47:22 2013
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
tall ONLINE 0 0 0
GPTE_78301A52-4AFF-4D96-8DE9-E76ABC14909C ONLINE 0 0 0 at disk2s2
GPTE_99056308-F5E2-4314-852C-4DA04732A2D0 ONLINE 0 0 0 at disk6s2
errors: No known data errors
GPES3E-gjp4-1:~ gjp22$
Em termos simples
Enquanto gostaríamos de uma solução, falhas no sistema de arquivos como esta parecem ser:
- imprevisível
- inevitável
- às vezes irreparável.
Na ausência de uma boa solução, meu melhor conselho é não confiar em um único backup do Time Machine. O risco de eventual falha e incapacidade de reparo é simplesmente muito alto.
Graus de falha
No passado, às vezes eu forcei fsck_hfs
(8) a reconstruir arquivos b-tree ... com sucesso limitado, mas não com certeza. Embora um sistema de arquivos pareça estar OK (no Disk Utility e similares), eu não confiaria mais nele para fins de backup ou restauração do Time Machine.
No caso mais recente (acima), várias aplicações de força (várias reconstruções do catálogo b-tree, uma reconstrução dos atributos estendidos b-tree e uma reconstrução da extensão b-tree) não levaram a um sistema de arquivos verificável. Tenho logs de depuração dessas tentativas, que não começarei a resumir aqui; Eles são enormes.
Com discos ligados localmente (USB 2.0), tenta reparar volumes de backup Time Machine pode ser extremamente demorado. Wireless - over AFP - você pode achar intolerável o tempo necessário .
Time Machine - Solução de problemas - C13. "... O Time Machine deve criar um novo backup para você." (James Pond) inclui muitas informações úteis. Essencialmente:
… Os backups estão corrompidos além da capacidade do Disk Utility de corrigir…
Quando o OS X relata que um sistema de arquivos HFS Plus parece estar OK, pode haver problemas significativos com o disco - problemas que o OS X simplesmente não consegue detectar.
Como a corrupção ocorreu mais de uma vez, pode haver um problema com:
- hardware, firmware e / ou software do NAS.
Qual marca e modelo é o NAS?
Discos rígidos do NAS
Se o sistema operacional do NAS permitir verificar a integridade dos blocos em seus discos : faça-o.
Se o sistema operacional do NAS não possuir esse recurso, tente inicializar o hardware com um sistema operacional diferente e mais adequado para teste. As opções podem incluir o Ubuntu e uma série de badblocks .
Verificações deste tipo:
- será demorado; mas
- deve ajudá-lo a determinar se o estado do (s) disco (s) contribui para as múltiplas falhas.