Validação de email

Escreva uma função ou programa para validar um endereço de email no RFC 5321 (algumas regras gramaticais encontradas no 5322 ) com o relaxamento que você pode ignorar comentários e dobrar espaços em branco ( CFWS) e literais de endereço generalizados. Isso fornece a gramática

Mailbox              = Local-part "@" ( Domain / address-literal )

Local-part           = Dot-string / Quoted-string
Dot-string           = Atom *("."  Atom)
Atom                 = 1*atext
atext                = ALPHA / DIGIT /    ; Printable US-ASCII
                       "!" / "#" /        ;  characters not including
                       "$" / "%" /        ;  specials.  Used for atoms.
                       "&" / "'" /
                       "*" / "+" /
                       "-" / "/" /
                       "=" / "?" /
                       "^" / "_" /
                       "`" / "{" /
                       "|" / "}" /
                       "~"
Quoted-string        = DQUOTE *QcontentSMTP DQUOTE
QcontentSMTP         = qtextSMTP / quoted-pairSMTP
qtextSMTP            = %d32-33 / %d35-91 / %d93-126
quoted-pairSMTP      = %d92 %d32-126

Domain               = sub-domain *("." sub-domain)
sub-domain           = Let-dig [Ldh-str]
Let-dig              = ALPHA / DIGIT
Ldh-str              = *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" ) Let-dig

address-literal      = "[" ( IPv4-address-literal / IPv6-address-literal ) "]"
IPv4-address-literal = Snum 3("."  Snum)
IPv6-address-literal = "IPv6:" IPv6-addr
Snum                 = 1*3DIGIT
                       ; representing a decimal integer value in the range 0 through 255

Nota: Eu pulei a definição de IPv6-addrporque esta RFC específica erra e desaprova, por exemplo ::1. A especificação correta está na RFC 2373 .

Restrições

Você não pode usar nenhuma chamada existente da biblioteca de validação de email. No entanto, você pode usar as bibliotecas de rede existentes para verificar os endereços IP.

Se você escrever uma função / método / operador / equivalente, ela deve pegar uma string e retornar um valor booleano ou verdade / falso, conforme apropriado para o seu idioma. Se você escrever um programa, ele deve usar uma única linha do stdin e indicar válido ou inválido através do código de saída.

Casos de teste

Os seguintes casos de teste estão listados em blocos para compactação. O primeiro bloco são casos que devem passar:

email@domain.com
e@domain.com
firstname.lastname@domain.com
email@subdomain.domain.com
firstname+lastname@domain.com
email@123.123.123.123
email@[123.123.123.123]
"email"@domain.com
1234567890@domain.com
email@domain-one.com
_______@domain.com
email@domain.name
email@domain.co.jp
firstname-lastname@domain.com
""@domain.com
"e"@domain.com
"\@"@domain.com
email@domain
"Abc\@def"@example.com
"Fred Bloggs"@example.com
"Joe\\Blow"@example.com
"Abc@def"@example.com
customer/department=shipping@example.com
$A12345@example.com
!def!xyz%abc@example.com
_somename@example.com
_somename@[IPv6:::1]
fred+bloggs@abc.museum
email@d.com
?????@domain.com

Os seguintes casos de teste não devem passar:

plainaddress
#@%^%#$@#$@#.com
@domain.com
Joe Smith <email@domain.com>
email.domain.com
email@domain@domain.com
.email@domain.com
email.@domain.com
email.email.@domain.com
email..email@domain.com
email@domain.com (Joe Smith)
email@-domain.com
email@domain..com
email@[IPv6:127.0.0.1]
email@[127.0.0]
email@[.127.0.0.1]
email@[127.0.0.1.]
email@IPv6:::1]
_somename@domain.com]
email@[256.123.123.123]

Python 3.3, 261

import re,ipaddress
try:v,p=re.match(r'^(?!\.)(((^|\.)[\w!#-\'*+\-/=?^-~]+)+|"([ !#-[\]-~]|\\[ -~])*")@(((?!-)[a-zA-Z\d-]+(?<!-)($|\.))+|\[(IPv6:)?(.*)\])(?<!\.)$',input()).groups()[7:];exec("if p:ipaddress.IPv%dAddress(p)"%(v and 6or 4))
except:v=5
print(v!=5)

O Python 3.3 é necessário para o módulo ipaddress, usado para validar endereços IPv4 e IPv6.

Versão menos golfe:

import re, ipaddress

dot_string = r'(?!\.)((^|\.)[\w!#-\'*+\-/=?^-~]+)+'
    # negative lookahead to check that string doesn't start with .
    # each atom must start with a . or the beginning of the string

quoted_string = r'"([ !#-[\]-~]|\\[ -~])*"'
    # - is used for character ranges (also in dot_string)

domain = r'((?!-)[a-zA-Z\d-]+(?<!-)($|\.))+(?<!\.)'
    # negative lookahead/lookbehind to check each subdomain doesn't start/end with -
    # each domain must end with a . or the end of the string
    # negative lookbehind to check that string doesn't end with .

address_literal = r'\[(IPv6:)?(.*)\]'
    # captures the is_IPv6 and ip_address groups

final_regex = r'^(%s|%s)@(%s|%s)$' % (dot_string, quoted_string, domain, address_literal)

try:
    is_IPv6, ip_address = re.match(final_regex, input(), re.VERBOSE).groups()[7:]
        # if input doesn't match, calling .groups() will throw an exception

    if ip_address:
        exec("ipaddress.IPv%dAddress(ip_address)" % (6 if is_IPv6 else 4))
            # IPv4Address or IPv6Address will throw an exception if ip_address isn't valid
except:
    is_IPv6 = 5

print(is_IPv6 != 5)
    # is_IPv6 is used as a flag to tell whether an exception was thrown

PHP 5.4.9, 495

function _($e){return preg_match('/^(?!(?>"?(?>\\\[ -~]|[^"])"?){255,})(?!"?(?>\\\[ -~]|[^"]){65,}"?@)(?>([!#-\'*+\/-9=?^-~-]+)(?>\.(?1))*|"(?>[ !#-\[\]-~]|\\\[ -~])*")@(?!.*[^.]{64,})(?>([a-z0-9](?>[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?)(?>\.(?2)){0,126}|\[(?:(?>IPv6:(?>([a-f0-9]{1,4})(?>:(?3)){7}|(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9][:\]]){8,})((?3)(?>:(?3)){0,6})?::(?4)?))|(?>(?>IPv6:(?>(?3)(?>:(?3)){5}:|(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){6,})(?5)?::(?>((?3)(?>:(?3)){0,4}):)?))?(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d{2}|[1-9]?\d)(?>\.(?6)){3}))\])$/iD', $e);}

E apenas para mais interesse, aqui está uma gramática RFC 5322 que permite CFWS aninhados e peças locais obsoletas:

(764)

function _($e){return preg_match('/^(?!(?>(?1)"?(?>\\\[ -~]|[^"])"?(?1)){255,})(?!(?>(?1)"?(?>\\\[ -~]|[^"])"?(?1)){65,}@)((?>(?>(?>((?>(?>(?>\x0D\x0A)?[\t ])+|(?>[\t ]*\x0D\x0A)?[\t ]+)?)(\((?>(?2)(?>[\x01-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\'*-\[\]-\x7F]|\\\[\x00-\x7F]|(?3)))*(?2)\)))+(?2))|(?2))?)([!#-\'*+\/-9=?^-~-]+|"(?>(?2)(?>[\x01-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-!#-\[\]-\x7F]|\\\[\x00-\x7F]))*(?2)")(?>(?1)\.(?1)(?4))*(?1)@(?!(?1)[a-z\d-]{64,})(?1)(?>([a-z\d](?>[a-z\d-]*[a-z\d])?)(?>(?1)\.(?!(?1)[a-z\d-]{64,})(?1)(?5)){0,126}|\[(?:(?>IPv6:(?>([a-f\d]{1,4})(?>:(?6)){7}|(?!(?:.*[a-f\d][:\]]){8,})((?6)(?>:(?6)){0,6})?::(?7)?))|(?>(?>IPv6:(?>(?6)(?>:(?6)){5}:|(?!(?:.*[a-f\d]:){6,})(?8)?::(?>((?6)(?>:(?6)){0,4}):)?))?(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d{2}|[1-9]?\d)(?>\.(?9)){3}))\])(?1)$/isD', $e);}

E se os limites de comprimento não forem um requisito:

RFC 5321 (414)

function _($e){return preg_match('/^(?>([!#-\'*+\/-9=?^-~-]+)(?>\.(?1))*|"(?>[ !#-\[\]-~]|\\\[ -~])*")@(?>([a-z0-9](?>[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?)(?>\.(?2)){0,126}|\[(?:(?>IPv6:(?>([a-f0-9]{1,4})(?>:(?3)){7}|(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9][:\]]){8,})((?3)(?>:(?3)){0,6})?::(?4)?))|(?>(?>IPv6:(?>(?3)(?>:(?3)){5}:|(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){6,})(?5)?::(?>((?3)(?>:(?3)){0,4}):)?))?(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d{2}|[1-9]?\d)(?>\.(?6)){3}))\])$/iD', $e);}

RFC 5322 (636)

function _($e){return preg_match('/^((?>(?>(?>((?>(?>(?>\x0D\x0A)?[\t ])+|(?>[\t ]*\x0D\x0A)?[\t ]+)?)(\((?>(?2)(?>[\x01-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\'*-\[\]-\x7F]|\\\[\x00-\x7F]|(?3)))*(?2)\)))+(?2))|(?2))?)([!#-\'*+\/-9=?^-~-]+|"(?>(?2)(?>[\x01-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-!#-\[\]-\x7F]|\\\[\x00-\x7F]))*(?2)")(?>(?1)\.(?1)(?4))*(?1)@(?1)(?>([a-z\d](?>[a-z\d-]*[a-z\d])?)(?>(?1)\.(?1)(?5)){0,126}|\[(?:(?>IPv6:(?>([a-f\d]{1,4})(?>:(?6)){7}|(?!(?:.*[a-f\d][:\]]){8,})((?6)(?>:(?6)){0,6})?::(?7)?))|(?>(?>IPv6:(?>(?6)(?>:(?6)){5}:|(?!(?:.*[a-f\d]:){6,})(?8)?::(?>((?6)(?>:(?6)){0,4}):)?))?(25[0-5]|2[0-4]\d|1\d{2}|[1-9]?\d)(?>\.(?9)){3}))\])(?1)$/isD', $e);}