Fundo:

Originalmente, eu postei essa pergunta na noite passada e recebi uma reação negativa por sua imprecisão. Desde então, tenho consultado muitas pessoas sobre não apenas a redação do problema, mas também sua complexidade (que não é O (1)). Esse problema de programação é um mal giro em uma pergunta de entrevista na Amazon.

Questão:

Dada uma sequência de números inteiros concatenados aleatoriamente [0, 250), 0 a 250 exclusivos, há UM número ausente na sequência. Seu trabalho é escrever um programa que calcule esse número ausente. Não há outros números ausentes na sequência além desse, e é isso que torna esse problema tão difícil e possivelmente computacionalmente difícil.

Fazer esse problema manualmente em Strings menores, como nos exemplos 1 e 2 abaixo, é obviamente muito fácil. Por outro lado, calcular um número ausente em conjuntos de dados incrivelmente grandes envolvendo números de três ou quatro dígitos seria incrivelmente difícil. A idéia por trás desse problema é construir um programa que fará esse processo para você.

Informação importante:

Uma coisa que parecia bastante confusa quando eu postei esse problema na noite passada foi: como exatamente um número ausente é definido. Um número ausente é o número DENTRO do intervalo especificado acima; NÃO necessariamente o dígito. No exemplo 3, você verá que o número ausente é 9, mesmo que apareça na sequência. Existem 3 locais em que o DIGIT 9 aparecerá em uma série de [0, 30): "9", "19" e "29". Seu objetivo é diferenciar entre eles e descobrir que 9 é o NÚMERO ausente (dentro do exemplo 3). Em outras palavras, a parte complicada está em descobrir quais seqüências de dígitos estão completas e quais pertencem a outros números.

Entrada:

A entrada é uma String S, contendo números inteiros de 0 a 249, inclusive, ou de 0 a 250 exclusivos (em outras palavras, [0, 250)). Esses números inteiros, como declarado acima, são embaralhados para criar uma sequência aleatória. NÃO há delimitadores ("42, 31, 23, 44") ou 0 de preenchimento (003076244029002); os problemas são exatamente como descrito nos exemplos. É garantido que haja apenas 1 solução nos problemas reais. Várias soluções não são permitidas para elas.

Critérios de vencimento:

Quem tiver o uso de memória mais rápido e mais baixo será o vencedor. No evento milagroso em que o tempo se liga, menor memória será usada para o intervalo. Por favor, liste o Big O se puder!

Exemplos:

Os exemplos 1 e 2 têm um intervalo de [0, 10)

Os exemplos 3 e 4 têm um intervalo de [0, 30)

(Os exemplos 1 a 4 são apenas para demonstração. Seu programa não precisa lidar com eles.)

Os exemplos 5 têm um intervalo de [0, 250)

1. 420137659    
- Missing number => 8

2. 843216075    
- Missing number => 9  

3. 2112282526022911192312416102017731561427221884513 
- Missing number => 9

4. 229272120623131992528240518810426223161211471711
- Missing number => 15

5. 11395591741893085201244471432361149120556162127165124233106210135320813701207315110246262072142253419410247129611737243218190203156364518617019864222241772384813041175126193134141008211877147192451101968789181153241861671712710899168232150138131195104411520078178584419739178522066640145139388863199146248518022492149187962968112157173132551631441367921221229161208324623423922615218321511111211121975723721911614865611197515810239015418422813742128176166949324015823124214033541416719143625021276351260183210916421672722015510117218224913320919223553222021036912321791591225112512304920418584216981883128105227213107223142169741601798025
- Missing number => 71

Test Data: 

Problem 1: 6966410819610521530291368349682309217598570592011872022482018312220241246911298913317419721920718217313718080857232177134232481551020010112519172652031631113791105122116319458153244261582135510090235116139611641267691141679612215222660112127421321901862041827745106522437208362062271684640438174315738135641171699510421015199128239881442242382361212317163149232839233823418915447142162771412092492141987521710917122354156131466216515061812273140130240170972181176179166531781851152178225242192445147229991613515911122223419187862169312013124150672371432051192510724356172282471951381601241518410318414211212870941111833193145123245188102

Problem 2: 14883423514241100511108716621733193121019716422221117630156992324819917158961372915140456921857371883175910701891021877194529067191198226669314940125152431532281961078111412624224113912011621641182322612016512820395482371382385363922471472312072131791925510478122073722091352412491272395020016194195116236186596116374117841971602259812110612913254255615723013185162206245183244806417777130181492211412431591541398312414414582421741482461036761192272120204114346205712198918190242184229286518011471231585109384415021021415522313136146178233133168222201785172212108182276835832151134861116216716910511560240392170208215112173234136317520219

Problem 3: 1342319526198176611201701741948297621621214122224383105148103846820718319098731271611601912137231471099223812820157162671720663139410066179891663131117186249133125172622813593129302325881203242806043154161082051916986441859042111711241041590221248711516546521992257224020174102234138991752117924457143653945184113781031116471120421331506424717816813220023315511422019520918114070163152106248236222396919620277541101222101232171732231122301511263822375920856142187182152451585137352921848164219492411071228936130762461191564196185114910118922611881888513917712153146227193235347537229322521516718014542248813617191531972142714505519240144

Problem 4: 2492402092341949619347401841041875198202182031161577311941257285491521667219229672211881621592451432318618560812361201172382071222352271769922013259915817462189101108056130187233141312197127179205981692121101632221732337196969131822110021512524417548627103506114978204123128181211814236346515430399015513513311152157420112189119277138882021676618323919018013646200114160165350631262167910238144334214230146151171192261653158161213431911401452461159313720613195248191505228186244583455139542924222112226148941682087115610915344641782142472102436810828123731134321131241772242411722251997612923295223701069721187182171471055710784170217851

Clingo , ± 0.03 segundos

Isso é rápido demais para ser medido com precisão - você precisará permitir casos de entrada maiores em vez de parar artificialmente em 250.

% cat(I) means digits I and I+1 are part of the same number.
{cat(I)} :- digit(I, D), digit(I+1, E).

% prefix(I, X) means some digits ending at I are part of the same
% number prefix X.
prefix(I, D) :- digit(I, D), not cat(I-1), D < n.
prefix(I, 10*X+D) :- prefix(I-1, X), digit(I, D), cat(I-1), X > 0, 10*X+D < n.

% Every digit is part of some prefix.
:- digit(I, D), {prefix(I, X)} = 0.

% If also not cat(I), then this counts as an appearance of the number
% X.
appears(I, X) :- prefix(I, X), not cat(I).

% No number appears more than once.
:- X=0..n-1, {appears(I, X)} > 1.

% missing(X) means X does not appear.
missing(X) :- X=0..n-1, {appears(I, X)} = 0.

% Exactly one number is missing.
:- {missing(X)} != 1.

#show missing/1.

Exemplo de entrada

Entrada é uma lista de pares ( k , k ésimo dígito). Aqui está o problema 1:

#const n = 250.
digit(0,6;1,9;2,6;3,6;4,4;5,1;6,0;7,8;8,1;9,9;10,6;11,1;12,0;13,5;14,2;15,1;16,5;17,3;18,0;19,2;20,9;21,1;22,3;23,6;24,8;25,3;26,4;27,9;28,6;29,8;30,2;31,3;32,0;33,9;34,2;35,1;36,7;37,5;38,9;39,8;40,5;41,7;42,0;43,5;44,9;45,2;46,0;47,1;48,1;49,8;50,7;51,2;52,0;53,2;54,2;55,4;56,8;57,2;58,0;59,1;60,8;61,3;62,1;63,2;64,2;65,2;66,0;67,2;68,4;69,1;70,2;71,4;72,6;73,9;74,1;75,1;76,2;77,9;78,8;79,9;80,1;81,3;82,3;83,1;84,7;85,4;86,1;87,9;88,7;89,2;90,1;91,9;92,2;93,0;94,7;95,1;96,8;97,2;98,1;99,7;100,3;101,1;102,3;103,7;104,1;105,8;106,0;107,8;108,0;109,8;110,5;111,7;112,2;113,3;114,2;115,1;116,7;117,7;118,1;119,3;120,4;121,2;122,3;123,2;124,4;125,8;126,1;127,5;128,5;129,1;130,0;131,2;132,0;133,0;134,1;135,0;136,1;137,1;138,2;139,5;140,1;141,9;142,1;143,7;144,2;145,6;146,5;147,2;148,0;149,3;150,1;151,6;152,3;153,1;154,1;155,1;156,3;157,7;158,9;159,1;160,1;161,0;162,5;163,1;164,2;165,2;166,1;167,1;168,6;169,3;170,1;171,9;172,4;173,5;174,8;175,1;176,5;177,3;178,2;179,4;180,4;181,2;182,6;183,1;184,5;185,8;186,2;187,1;188,3;189,5;190,5;191,1;192,0;193,0;194,9;195,0;196,2;197,3;198,5;199,1;200,1;201,6;202,1;203,3;204,9;205,6;206,1;207,1;208,6;209,4;210,1;211,2;212,6;213,7;214,6;215,9;216,1;217,1;218,4;219,1;220,6;221,7;222,9;223,6;224,1;225,2;226,2;227,1;228,5;229,2;230,2;231,2;232,6;233,6;234,0;235,1;236,1;237,2;238,1;239,2;240,7;241,4;242,2;243,1;244,3;245,2;246,1;247,9;248,0;249,1;250,8;251,6;252,2;253,0;254,4;255,1;256,8;257,2;258,7;259,7;260,4;261,5;262,1;263,0;264,6;265,5;266,2;267,2;268,4;269,3;270,7;271,2;272,0;273,8;274,3;275,6;276,2;277,0;278,6;279,2;280,2;281,7;282,1;283,6;284,8;285,4;286,6;287,4;288,0;289,4;290,3;291,8;292,1;293,7;294,4;295,3;296,1;297,5;298,7;299,3;300,8;301,1;302,3;303,5;304,6;305,4;306,1;307,1;308,7;309,1;310,6;311,9;312,9;313,5;314,1;315,0;316,4;317,2;318,1;319,0;320,1;321,5;322,1;323,9;324,9;325,1;326,2;327,8;328,2;329,3;330,9;331,8;332,8;333,1;334,4;335,4;336,2;337,2;338,4;339,2;340,3;341,8;342,2;343,3;344,6;345,1;346,2;347,1;348,2;349,3;350,1;351,7;352,1;353,6;354,3;355,1;356,4;357,9;358,2;359,3;360,2;361,8;362,3;363,9;364,2;365,3;366,3;367,8;368,2;369,3;370,4;371,1;372,8;373,9;374,1;375,5;376,4;377,4;378,7;379,1;380,4;381,2;382,1;383,6;384,2;385,7;386,7;387,1;388,4;389,1;390,2;391,0;392,9;393,2;394,4;395,9;396,2;397,1;398,4;399,1;400,9;401,8;402,7;403,5;404,2;405,1;406,7;407,1;408,0;409,9;410,1;411,7;412,1;413,2;414,2;415,3;416,5;417,4;418,1;419,5;420,6;421,1;422,3;423,1;424,4;425,6;426,6;427,2;428,1;429,6;430,5;431,1;432,5;433,0;434,6;435,1;436,8;437,1;438,2;439,2;440,7;441,3;442,1;443,4;444,0;445,1;446,3;447,0;448,2;449,4;450,0;451,1;452,7;453,0;454,9;455,7;456,2;457,1;458,8;459,1;460,1;461,7;462,6;463,1;464,7;465,9;466,1;467,6;468,6;469,5;470,3;471,1;472,7;473,8;474,1;475,8;476,5;477,1;478,1;479,5;480,2;481,1;482,7;483,8;484,2;485,2;486,5;487,2;488,4;489,2;490,1;491,9;492,2;493,4;494,4;495,5;496,1;497,4;498,7;499,2;500,2;501,9;502,9;503,9;504,1;505,6;506,1;507,3;508,5;509,1;510,5;511,9;512,1;513,1;514,1;515,2;516,2;517,2;518,2;519,3;520,4;521,1;522,9;523,1;524,8;525,7;526,8;527,6;528,2;529,1;530,6;531,9;532,3;533,1;534,2;535,0;536,1;537,3;538,1;539,2;540,4;541,1;542,5;543,0;544,6;545,7;546,2;547,3;548,7;549,1;550,4;551,3;552,2;553,0;554,5;555,1;556,1;557,9;558,2;559,5;560,1;561,0;562,7;563,2;564,4;565,3;566,5;567,6;568,1;569,7;570,2;571,2;572,8;573,2;574,4;575,7;576,1;577,9;578,5;579,1;580,3;581,8;582,1;583,6;584,0;585,1;586,2;587,4;588,1;589,5;590,1;591,8;592,4;593,1;594,0;595,3;596,1;597,8;598,4;599,1;600,4;601,2;602,1;603,1;604,2;605,1;606,2;607,8;608,7;609,0;610,9;611,4;612,1;613,1;614,1;615,1;616,8;617,3;618,3;619,1;620,9;621,3;622,1;623,4;624,5;625,1;626,2;627,3;628,2;629,4;630,5;631,1;632,8;633,8;634,1;635,0;636,2).

Saída de exemplo

$ clingo missing.lp problem1.lp 
clingo version 5.2.2
Reading from missing.lp ...
Solving...
Answer: 1
missing(148)
SATISFIABLE

Models       : 1+
Calls        : 1
Time         : 0.032s (Solving: 0.00s 1st Model: 0.00s Unsat: 0.00s)
CPU Time     : 0.032s

C ++, 5000 casos de teste aleatórios em 6,1 segundos

Isso é praticamente rápido, mas pode haver alguns casos de teste que o tornam lento. Complexidade desconhecida.

Se houver várias soluções, imprimirá todas elas. Exemplo .

Explicação:

1. Conte as ocorrências de dígitos.

2. Liste todas as respostas possíveis.

3. Verifique se um candidato é uma resposta válida:

   3-1. Tente dividir a (s) sequência (s) por números que ocorrem apenas uma vez e marque-a como identificada, exceto o candidato.
   Por exemplo, 2112282526022911192312416102017731561427221884513possui apenas um 14, para que possa ser dividido em 211228252602291119231241610201773156e 27221884513.

   3-2. Se qualquer seqüência de caracteres tiver comprimento 1, marque-a como identificada.
   Se qualquer contradição for feita (identificada mais de uma vez), o candidato não é válido.
   Se não conseguirmos encontrar o candidato na string, o candidato é válido.

   3-3. Se qualquer divisão for feita, repita a etapa 3-1. Caso contrário, faça uma pesquisa de força bruta para verificar se o candidato é válido.

#include <cmath>
#include <bitset>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

const int VAL_MAX = 250;
const int LOG_MAX = log10(VAL_MAX - 1) + 1;
using bools = std::bitset<VAL_MAX>;

std::pair<size_t, size_t> count(const std::string& str, const std::string& target)
{
    size_t ans = 0, offset = 0, pos = std::string::npos;
    for (; (offset = str.find(target, offset)) != std::string::npos; ans++, pos = offset++);
    return std::make_pair(ans, pos);
}

bool dfs(size_t a, size_t b, const std::vector<std::string>& str, bools& cnt, int t)
{ // input: string id, string position, strings, identified, candidate
    if (b == str[a].size()) a++, b = 0;
    if (a == str.size()) return true;   // if no contradiction on all strings, the candidate is valid

    int p = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < LOG_MAX; i++) { // assume str[a][b...b+i] is a number
        if (str[a].size() == b) break;
        p = p * 10 + (str[a][b++] ^ '0');
        if (p < VAL_MAX && !cnt[p] && p != t) { //if no contradiction
            cnt[p] = true;
            if (dfs(a, b, str, cnt, t)) return true; // recursively check
            cnt[p] = false;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

struct ocr {
    int l, r, G;
    bool operator<(const ocr& i) const { return l > i.l; }
};

int cal(std::vector<std::string> str, bools cnt, int t)
{ // input: a list of strings, whether a number have identified, candidate
  // try to find numbers that only occur once in those strings
    int N = str.size();
    std::vector<ocr> pos;

    for (int i = 0; i < VAL_MAX; i++) {
        if (cnt[i]) continue;             // try every number which haven't identified
        int flag = 0;
        std::string target = std::to_string(i);
        ocr now;
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {     // count occurences
            auto c = count(str[j], target);
            if ((flag += c.first) > 1) break;
            if (c.first) now = {c.second, c.second + target.size(), j};
        }
        if (!flag && t == i) return true; // if cannot find the candidate, then it is valid
        if (i != t && flag == 1) pos.push_back(now), cnt[i] = true;
        // if only occur once, then its position is fixed, mark as identified
    }
    if (!pos.size()) { // if no number is identified, do a brute force search
        std::sort(str.begin(), str.end(), [](const std::string& a, const std::string& b){return a.size() < b.size();});
        return dfs(0, 0, str, cnt, t);
    }

    std::sort(pos.begin(), pos.end());
    std::vector<std::string> lst;
    for (auto& i : pos) {      // split strings by identified numbers
        if ((size_t)i.r > str[i.G].size()) return false;
        std::string tmp = str[i.G].substr(i.r);
        if (tmp.size() == 1) { // if split string has length 1, it is identified
            if (cnt[tmp[0] ^ '0']) return false; // contradiction if it is identified before
            cnt[tmp[0] ^ '0'] = true;
        }
        else if (tmp.size()) lst.push_back(std::move(tmp));
        str[i.G].resize(i.l);
    }
    for (auto& i : str) { // push the remaining strings; same as above
        if (i.size() == 1) {
            if (cnt[i[0] ^ '0']) return false;
            cnt[i[0] ^ '0'] = true;
        }
        else if (i.size()) lst.push_back(std::move(i));
    }
    return cal(lst, cnt, t); // continue the split step with new set of strings
}

int main()
{
    std::string str;
    std::vector<ocr> pos;
    std::vector<int> prob;
    std::cin >> str;

    int p[10] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
    for (int i = 0; i < VAL_MAX; i++)
        for (char j : std::to_string(i)) p[j ^ '0']++;
    for (char i : str) p[i ^ '0']--; // count digit occurrences
    {
        std::string tmp;
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
            while (p[i]--) tmp.push_back(i ^ '0');
        do {           // list all possible candidates (at most 4)
            int c = std::stoi(tmp);
            if (c < VAL_MAX && tmp[0] != '0') prob.push_back(c);
        } while (std::next_permutation(tmp.begin(), tmp.end()));
    }
    if (prob.size() == 1) { std::cout << prob[0] << '\n'; return 0; }
                       // if only one candidate, output it
    for (int i : prob) // ... or check if each candidate is valid
        if (cal({str}, bools(), i)) std::cout << i << '\n';
}

Experimente online!

Limpo , ~ 0.3s

Corrigido um erro enorme no algoritmo, preciso reimprimi-lo agora.

module main
import StdEnv
import StdLib
import System.CommandLine

maxNum = 250
sample = "11395591741893085201244471432361149120556162127165124233106210135320813701207315110246262072142253419410247129611737243218190203156364518617019864222241772384813041175126193134141008211877147192451101968789181153241861671712710899168232150138131195104411520078178584419739178522066640145139388863199146248518022492149187962968112157173132551631441367921221229161208324623423922615218321511111211121975723721911614865611197515810239015418422813742128176166949324015823124214033541416719143625021276351260183210916421672722015510117218224913320919223553222021036912321791591225112512304920418584216981883128105227213107223142169741601798025"
case1 = "6966410819610521530291368349682309217598570592011872022482018312220241246911298913317419721920718217313718080857232177134232481551020010112519172652031631113791105122116319458153244261582135510090235116139611641267691141679612215222660112127421321901862041827745106522437208362062271684640438174315738135641171699510421015199128239881442242382361212317163149232839233823418915447142162771412092492141987521710917122354156131466216515061812273140130240170972181176179166531781851152178225242192445147229991613515911122223419187862169312013124150672371432051192510724356172282471951381601241518410318414211212870941111833193145123245188102"
case2 = "14883423514241100511108716621733193121019716422221117630156992324819917158961372915140456921857371883175910701891021877194529067191198226669314940125152431532281961078111412624224113912011621641182322612016512820395482371382385363922471472312072131791925510478122073722091352412491272395020016194195116236186596116374117841971602259812110612913254255615723013185162206245183244806417777130181492211412431591541398312414414582421741482461036761192272120204114346205712198918190242184229286518011471231585109384415021021415522313136146178233133168222201785172212108182276835832151134861116216716910511560240392170208215112173234136317520219"
case3 = "1342319526198176611201701741948297621621214122224383105148103846820718319098731271611601912137231471099223812820157162671720663139410066179891663131117186249133125172622813593129302325881203242806043154161082051916986441859042111711241041590221248711516546521992257224020174102234138991752117924457143653945184113781031116471120421331506424717816813220023315511422019520918114070163152106248236222396919620277541101222101232171732231122301511263822375920856142187182152451585137352921848164219492411071228936130762461191564196185114910118922611881888513917712153146227193235347537229322521516718014542248813617191531972142714505519240144"
case4 = "2492402092341949619347401841041875198202182031161577311941257285491521667219229672211881621592451432318618560812361201172382071222352271769922013259915817462189101108056130187233141312197127179205981692121101632221732337196969131822110021512524417548627103506114978204123128181211814236346515430399015513513311152157420112189119277138882021676618323919018013646200114160165350631262167910238144334214230146151171192261653158161213431911401452461159313720613195248191505228186244583455139542924222112226148941682087115610915344641782142472102436810828123731134321131241772242411722251997612923295223701069721187182171471055710784170217851"

failing = "0102030405060708090100101102103104105106107108109110120130140150160170180190200201202203204205206207208209210220230240249248247246245244243242241239238237236235234233232229228227226225224223222221219218217216215214213212211199198197196195194193192191189188187186185184183182181179178177176175174173172171169168167166165164163162161159158157156155154153152151149148147146145144143142141139138137136135134133132131129128127126125124123122121119118117116115114113112111999897969594939291898887868584838281797877767574737271696867666564636261595857565554535251494847464544434241393837363534333231292827262524232221191817161514131211987654321"

dupes = "19050151158951391658227781234527110196235731198137214733126868520474181772192213718517314542182652441211742304719519143231236593134207203121171237201705111617211824810013324511511436253946122155201534113626129692410611318356178791080921122151321949681166200188841675156120546124912883216212189712281541382202411041372421642917614416870223753814121124318415710310515010682172099012716167102179894920613516297239186222232225635312262134019719915382229399107111802082341491811011604815220291125247641482401691871755205639495788414314011714616366130175601931092467744819271230159131158714761192105218019822421812423322919341426216523821428232"

:: Position :== [Int]
:: Positions :== [Position]
:: Digit :== (Char, Int)
:: Digits :== [Digit]
:: Number :== ([Char], Positions)
:: Numbers :== [Number]
:: Complete :== (Numbers, [Digits])

numbers :: [[Char]]
numbers = [fromString (toString n) \\ n <- [0..(maxNum-1)]]

candidates :: [Char] -> [[Char]]
candidates chars
    = moreCandidates chars []
where
    moreCandidates :: [Char] [[Char]] -> [[Char]]
    moreCandidates [] nums
        = removeDup (filter (\num = isMember num numbers) nums)
    moreCandidates chars []
        = flatten [moreCandidates (removeAt i chars) [[c]] \\ c <- chars & i <- [0..]]
    moreCandidates chars nums
        = flatten [flatten [moreCandidates (removeAt i chars) [ [c : num] \\ num <- nums ]] \\  c <- chars & i <- [0..]]

singletonSieve :: Complete -> Complete
singletonSieve (list, sequence)
    | (list_, sequence_) == (list, sequence)
        = reverseSieve (list, sequence)
    = (list_, sequence_)
where
    singles :: Numbers
    singles 
        = filter (\(_, i) = length i == 1) list
    list_ :: Numbers
    list_
        = [(a, filter (\n = not (isAnyMember n (flatten [flatten b_ \\ (a_, b_) <- singles | a_ <> a]))) b) \\ (a, b) <- list]
    sequence_ :: [Digits]
    sequence_
        = foldr splitSequence sequence (flatten (snd (unzip singles)))

reverseSieve :: Complete -> Complete
reverseSieve (list, sequence)
    # sequence
        = foldr splitSequence sequence (flatten (snd (unzip singles)))
    # list
        = [(a, filter (\n = not (isAnyMember n (flatten [flatten b_ \\ (a_, b_) <- singles | a_ <> a]))) b) \\ (a, b) <- list]
    # list
        = [(a, filter (\n = or [any (isPrefixOf n) (tails subSeq) \\ subSeq <- map (snd o unzip) sequence]) b) \\ (a, b) <- list]
    = (list, sequence)
where
    singles :: Numbers
    singles
        = [(a, i) \\ (a, b) <- list, i <- [[subSeq \\ subSeq <- map (snd o unzip) sequence | isMember subSeq b]] | length i == 1]


splitSequence :: Position [Digits] -> [Digits]
splitSequence split sequence
    = flatten [if(isEmpty b) [a] [a, drop (length split) b] \\ (a, b) <- [span (\(_, i) = not (isMember i split)) subSeq \\ subSeq <- sequence] | [] < max a b]

indexSubSeq :: [Char] Digits -> Positions
indexSubSeq _ []
    = []
indexSubSeq a b
    # remainder
        = indexSubSeq a (tl b)
    | startsWith a b
        = [[i \\ (_, i) <- take (length a) b] : remainder]
    = remainder
where
    startsWith :: [Char] Digits -> Bool
    startsWith _ []
        = False
    startsWith [] _
        = False
    startsWith [a] [(b,_):_]
        = a == b
    startsWith [a:a_] [(b,_):b_]
        | a == b
            = startsWith a_ b_
        = False

missingNumber :: String -> [[Char]]
missingNumber string
    # string
        = [(c, i) \\ c <-: string & i <- [0..]]
    # locations
        = [(number, indexSubSeq number string) \\ number <- numbers]
    # digits
        = [length (indexSubSeq [number] [(c, i) \\ c <- (flatten numbers) & i <- [0..]]) \\ number <-: "0123456789"]
    # missing
        = (flatten o flatten) [repeatn (y - length b) a \\ y <- digits & (a, b) <- locations]
    # (answers, _)
        = hd [e \\ e <- iterate singletonSieve (locations, [string]) | length (filter (\(a, b) = (length b == 0) && (isMember a (candidates missing))) (fst e)) > 0]
    # answers
        = filter (\(_, i) = length i == 0) answers
    = filter ((flip isMember)(candidates missing)) ((fst o unzip) answers)


Start world
    # (args, world)
        = getCommandLine world
    | length args < 2
        = abort "too few arguments\n"
    = flatlines [foldr (\num -> \str = if(isEmpty str) num (num ++ [',' : str]) ) [] (missingNumber arg) \\ arg <- tl args]

Ajuntar com clm -h 1024M -s 16M -nci -dynamics -fusion -t -b -IL Dynamics -IL Platform main

Isso funciona pegando todos os números que a string precisa conter e contando o número de lugares que a sequência de dígitos necessária está presente na string. Em seguida, ele executa repetidamente estas etapas:

• Se o número não tiver posições possíveis, essa é a resposta
• Remova todos os números com uma posição possível (ligue para eles singles)
• Remova todas as posições de todos os números restantes que se sobrepõem a quaisquer posições dos números removidos anteriormente (o singles)