Estou tentando criar um RTOS semi-preventivo (cooperativo) para microcontroladores PIC x16. Na minha pergunta anterior , aprendi que acessar o ponteiro da pilha de hardware não é possível nesses núcleos. Eu olhei para esta página no PIClist, e é isso que estou tentando implementar usando C.
Meu compilador é o Microchip XC8 e atualmente estou trabalhando em um PIC16F616 com oscilador RC interno de 4MHz selecionado nos bits de configuração.
Aprendi que posso acessar os registros PCLATH e PCL com C, olhando o arquivo de cabeçalho do meu compilador. Então, tentei implementar um alternador de tarefas simples.
Funciona como desejado no depurador se eu pausar o depurador após reiniciar, redefinir e definir o PC no cursor quando o cursor não estiver na primeira linha ( TRISA=0;), mas em outra linha (por exemplo ANSEL=0;). No primeiro início do depurador, recebo essas mensagens no Debugger Console:
Launching
Programming target
User program running
No source code lines were found at current PC 0x204Edit: Eu não sei o que fez funcionar, mas o depurador agora funciona perfeitamente. Portanto, omita a saída e o parágrafo acima.
Edit: Alterar a definição principal como esta faz o código abaixo funcionar. Isso inicia a função principal no endereço do programa 0x0099. Não sei o que causa isso. Esta não é uma solução real. Agora, estou supondo que haja um erro específico do compilador.
void main(void) @ 0x0099
{Aqui está o meu código C:
/*
* File: main.c
* Author: abdullah
*
* Created on 10 Haziran 2012 Pazar, 14:43
*/
#include <xc.h> // Include the header file needed by the compiler
__CONFIG(FOSC_INTOSCIO & WDTE_OFF & PWRTE_ON & MCLRE_OFF & CP_OFF & IOSCFS_4MHZ & BOREN_ON);
/*
* INTOSCIO oscillator: I/O function on RA4/OSC2/CLKOUT pin, I/O function on RA5/OSC1/CLKIN
* WDT disabled and can be enabled by SWDTEN bit of the WDTCON register
* PWRT enabled
* MCLR pin function is digital input, MCLR internally tied to VDD
* Program memory code protection is disabled
* Internal Oscillator Frequency Select bit : 4MHz
* Brown-out Reset Selection bits : BOR enabled
*/
/*
* OS_initializeTask(); definition will copy the PCLATH register to the task's PCLATH holder, which is held in taskx.pch
* This will help us hold the PCLATH at the point we yield.
* After that, it will copy the (PCL register + 8) to current task's PCL holder which is held in taskx.pcl.
* 8 is added to PCL because this line plus the "return" takes 8 instructions.
* We will set the PCL after these instructions, because
* we want to be in the point after OS_initializeTask when we come back to this task.
* After all, the function returns without doing anything more. This will initialize the task's PCLATH and PCL.
*/
#define OS_initializeTask(); currentTask->pch = PCLATH;\
currentTask->pcl = PCL + 8;\
asm("return");
/*
* OS_yield(); definition will do the same stuff that OS_initializeTask(); definition do, however
* it will return to "taskswitcher" label, which is the start of OS_runTasks(); definition.
*/
#define OS_yield(); currentTask->pch = PCLATH;\
currentTask->pcl = PCL + 8;\
asm("goto _taskswitcher");
/*
* OS_runTasks(); definition will set the "taskswitcher" label. After that it will change the
* current task to the next task, by pointing the next item in the linked list of "TCB"s.
* After that, it will change the PCLATH and PCL registers with the current task's. That will
* make the program continue the next task from the place it left last time.
*/
#define OS_runTasks(); asm("_taskswitcher");\
currentTask = currentTask -> next;\
PCLATH = currentTask->pch;\
PCL = currentTask->pcl;
typedef struct _TCB // Create task control block and type define it as "TCB"
{
unsigned char pch; // pch register will hold the PCLATH value of the task after the last yield.
unsigned char pcl; // pcl register will hold the PCL value of the task after the last yield.
struct _TCB* next; // This pointer points to the next task. We are creating a linked list.
} TCB;
TCB* currentTask; // This TCB pointer will point to the current task's TCB.
TCB task1; // Define the TCB for task1.
TCB task2; // Define the TCB for task2.
void fTask1(void); // Prototype the function for task1.
void fTask2(void); // Prototype the function for task2.
void main(void)
{
TRISA = 0; // Set all of the PORTA pins as outputs.
ANSEL = 0; // Set all of the analog input pins as digital i/o.
PORTA = 0; // Clear PORTA bits.
currentTask = &task1; // We will point the currentTask pointer to point the first task.
task1.next = &task2; // We will create a ringed linked list as follows:
task2.next = &task1; // task1 -> task2 -> task1 -> task2 ....
/*
* Before running the tasks, we should initialize the PCL and PCLATH registers for the tasks.
* In order to do this, we could have looked up the absolute address with a function pointer.
* However, it seems like this is not possible with this compiler (or all the x16 PICs?)
* What this compiler creates is a table of the addresses of the functions and a bunch of GOTOs.
* This will not let us get the absolute address of the function by doing something like:
* "currentTask->pcl=low(functionpointer);"
*/
fTask1(); // Run task1 so that we get the address of it and initialize pch and pcl registers.
currentTask = currentTask -> next; // Point the currentTask pointer to the next pointer which
fTask2(); // is task2. And run task2 so that we get the correct pch and pcl.
OS_runTasks(); // Task switcher. See the comments in the definitions above.
}
void fTask1(void)
{
OS_initializeTask(); // Initialize the task
while (1)
{
RA0 = ~RA0; // Toggle PORTA.0
OS_yield(); // Yield
RA0 = ~RA0; // Toggle PORTA.0
}
}
void fTask2(void)
{
OS_initializeTask(); // Initialize the task
while (1)
{
RA1 = ~RA1; // Toggle PORTA.1
OS_yield(); // Yield
RA1 = ~RA1; // Toggle PORTA.1
}
}E aqui está o arquivo de listagem de desmontagem que meu compilador criou. Começa às line 74.
Programei o chip atual e nenhuma alteração no PORTA; isso não funciona.
Por que meu programa não funciona?