Minha resposta abrange tanto o amplificador não inversor quanto o inversor à base de opamp.
Símbolos:
- AOL (ganho de ope-loop do opamp)
- ACL
- HIN
- HFB (fator de feedback).
HFB=R1R1+R2
A) Não inversor
Como a tensão de entrada é aplicada diretamente à junção somadora (entrada diferencial), a fórmula clássica de feedback de H. Black se aplica:
ACL=AOL1+HFB⋅AOL=11AOL+HFB
For AOL>>HFB we have
ACL=1HFB=1+R2R1
B) Inverting
Because now the input voltage is NOT applied directly to the summing junction (diff. input pair) but through a resistive voltage divider to the inverting terminal the input voltage is correspondingly reduced before the formula for Acl may be applied. Because of the superposition rule we set (assuming VOUT=0)
HIN=−R2R1+R2
Hence we have:
ACL=HIN⋅AOL1+HFB⋅AOL=HIN1AOL+HFB
For AOL>>HFB we have
ACL=HINHFB=−R2R1+R2R1R1+R2=−R2R1
C) Final remark: Taking into account that the feedback factor acts back to the negative (inverting) opamp input the product −HFB⋅AOL is defined as the loop gain.
EDIT: "How does the value of open-loop gain and closed-loop gain affect the performance of op-amp ? "
D) The following answer concerns the availabel bandwidth for the non-inverting amplifier as a function of the open-loop bandwidth Aol (real opamp):
In most cases, we can use a first order lowpass function for the real frequency dependence of the open-loop gain:
Aol(s)=Ao/[1+s/wo]
Thus, based on the expression for Acl (given under A) we can write
Acl(s)=1/[(1/Ao)+(s/woAo)+Hfb]
With 1/Ao<< Hfb and 1/Hfb=(1+R2/R1) we arrive (after suitable re-arranging) at
Acl(s)=(1+R2/R1)[1/(1+s/woAoHfb)]
The expression in brackets is a first order lowpass function having the corner frequency
w1=woAoHfb
Hence, the due to negative feedback the bandwidth wo (open-loop gain) is enlarged by the factor AoHfb.
More than that, we can write
woAo=(w1/Hfb)=w1(1+R2/R1)
This is the classical constant "Gain-Bandwidth" product (GBW) which can be written also as
w1/wo=Ao/Acl(ideal) .