A resposta de Spacedman e as dicas acima foram úteis, mas não constituem em si uma resposta completa. Depois de algum trabalho de detetive da minha parte, cheguei mais perto de uma resposta, embora ainda não tenha conseguido entrar gIntersection
no caminho que desejo (veja a pergunta original acima). Ainda assim, eu já consegui meu novo polígono no SpatialPolygonsDataFrame.
ATUALIZAÇÃO 11/11/2012: Parece que encontrei uma solução viável (veja abaixo). A chave era quebrar os polígonos em uma SpatialPolygons
chamada ao usar a gIntersection
partir do rgeos
pacote. A saída é assim:
[1] "Haverfordwest: Portfield ED (poly 2) area = 1202564.3, intersect = 143019.3, intersect % = 11.9%"
[1] "Haverfordwest: Prendergast ED (poly 3) area = 1766933.7, intersect = 100870.4, intersect % = 5.7%"
[1] "Haverfordwest: Castle ED (poly 4) area = 683977.7, intersect = 338606.7, intersect % = 49.5%"
[1] "Haverfordwest: Garth ED (poly 5) area = 1861675.1, intersect = 417503.7, intersect % = 22.4%"
Inserir o polígono foi mais difícil do que eu pensava, porque, surpreendentemente, não parece haver um exemplo fácil de seguir para inserir uma nova forma em um shapefile existente derivado da Pesquisa sobre Ordnance. Eu reproduzi meus passos aqui na esperança de que seja útil para outra pessoa. O resultado é um mapa como este.
Se / quando resolver o problema de interseção, editarei esta resposta e adicionarei as etapas finais, a menos que, é claro, alguém me derrote e forneça uma resposta completa. Enquanto isso, comentários / conselhos sobre minha solução até agora são bem-vindos.
Código a seguir.
require(sp) # the classes and methods that make up spatial ops in R
require(maptools) # tools for reading and manipulating spatial objects
require(mapdata) # includes good vector maps of world political boundaries.
require(rgeos)
require(rgdal)
require(gpclib)
require(ggplot2)
require(scales)
gpclibPermit()
## Download the Ordnance Survey Boundary-Line data (large!) from this URL:
## https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/opendatadownload/products.html
## then extract all the files to a local folder.
## Read the electoral division (ward) boundaries from the shapefile
shp1 <- readOGR("C:/test", layer = "unitary_electoral_division_region")
## First subset down to the electoral divisions for the county of Pembrokeshire...
shp2 <- shp1[shp1$FILE_NAME == "SIR BENFRO - PEMBROKESHIRE" | shp1$FILE_NAME == "SIR_BENFRO_-_PEMBROKESHIRE", ]
## ... then the electoral divisions for the town of Haverfordwest (this could be done in one step)
shp3 <- shp2[grep("haverford", shp2$NAME, ignore.case = TRUE),]
## Create a matrix holding the long/lat coordinates of the desired new shape;
## one coordinate pair per line makes it easier to visualise the coordinates
my.coord.pairs <- c(
194500,215500,
194500,216500,
195500,216500,
195500,215500,
194500,215500)
my.rows <- length(my.coord.pairs)/2
my.coords <- matrix(my.coord.pairs, nrow = my.rows, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE)
## The Ordnance Survey-derived SpatialPolygonsDataFrame is rather complex, so
## rather than creating a new one from scratch, copy one row and use this as a
## template for the new polygon. This wouldn't be ideal for complex/multiple new
## polygons but for just one simple polygon it seems to work
newpoly <- shp3[1,]
## Replace the coords of the template polygon with our own coordinates
newpoly@polygons[[1]]@Polygons[[1]]@coords <- my.coords
## Change the name as well
newpoly@data$NAME <- "zzMyPoly" # polygons seem to be plotted in alphabetical
# order so make sure it is plotted last
## The IDs must not be identical otherwise the spRbind call will not work
## so use the spCHFIDs to assign new IDs; it looks like anything sensible will do
newpoly2 <- spChFIDs(newpoly, paste("newid", 1:nrow(newpoly), sep = ""))
## Now we should be able to insert the new polygon into the existing SpatialPolygonsDataFrame
shp4 <- spRbind(shp3, newpoly2)
## We want a visual check of the map with the new polygon but
## ggplot requires a data frame, so use the fortify() function
mydf <- fortify(shp4, region = "NAME")
## Make a distinction between the underlying shapes and the new polygon
## so that we can manually set the colours
mydf$filltype <- ifelse(mydf$id == 'zzMyPoly', "colour1", "colour2")
## Now plot
ggplot(mydf, aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group)) +
geom_polygon(colour = "black", size = 1, aes(fill = mydf$filltype)) +
scale_fill_manual("Test", values = c(alpha("Red", 0.4), "white"), labels = c("a", "b"))
## Visual check, successful, so back to the original problem of finding intersections
overlaid.poly <- 6 # This is the index of the polygon we added
num.of.polys <- length(shp4@polygons)
all.polys <- 1:num.of.polys
all.polys <- all.polys[-overlaid.poly] # Remove the overlaid polygon - no point in comparing to self
all.polys <- all.polys[-1] ## In this case the visual check we did shows that the
## first polygon doesn't intersect overlaid poly, so remove
## Display example intersection for a visual check - note use of SpatialPolygons()
plot(gIntersection(SpatialPolygons(shp4@polygons[3]), SpatialPolygons(shp4@polygons[6])))
## Calculate and print out intersecting area as % total area for each polygon
areas.list <- sapply(all.polys, function(x) {
my.area <- shp4@polygons[[x]]@Polygons[[1]]@area # the OS data contains area
intersected.area <- gArea(gIntersection(SpatialPolygons(shp4@polygons[x]), SpatialPolygons(shp4@polygons[overlaid.poly])))
print(paste(shp4@data$NAME[x], " (poly ", x, ") area = ", round(my.area, 1), ", intersect = ", round(intersected.area, 1), ", intersect % = ", sprintf("%1.1f%%", 100*intersected.area/my.area), sep = ""))
return(intersected.area) # return the intersected area for future use
})
library(scales)
deve ser adicionado para fazer a transparência funcionar.