Aqui está um exemplo de uma máquina de estado finito para Linux que usa filas de mensagens como os eventos. Os eventos são colocados na fila e tratados em ordem. O estado muda dependendo do que acontece para cada evento.
Este é um exemplo para uma conexão de dados com estados como:
- Não inicializado
- Inicializado
- Conectado
- MTU negociado
- Autenticado
Um pequeno recurso extra que adicionei foi um carimbo de data / hora para cada mensagem / evento. O manipulador de eventos ignorará os eventos que são muito antigos (eles expiraram). Isso pode acontecer muito no mundo real, onde você pode ficar preso em um estado inesperadamente.
Este exemplo é executado no Linux, use o Makefile abaixo para compilá-lo e brincar com ele.
state_machine.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h> // sysconf()
#include <errno.h> // errno
#include <string.h> // strerror()
#include <sys/time.h> // gettimeofday()
#include <fcntl.h> // For O_* constants
#include <sys/stat.h> // For mode constants
#include <mqueue.h>
#include <poll.h>
//------------------------------------------------
// States
//------------------------------------------------
typedef enum
{
ST_UNKNOWN = 0,
ST_UNINIT,
ST_INIT,
ST_CONNECTED,
ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED,
ST_AUTHENTICATED,
ST_ERROR,
ST_DONT_CHANGE,
ST_TERM,
} fsmState_t;
//------------------------------------------------
// Events
//------------------------------------------------
typedef enum
{
EV_UNKNOWN = 0,
EV_INIT_SUCCESS,
EV_INIT_FAIL,
EV_MASTER_CMD_MSG,
EV_CONNECT_SUCCESS,
EV_CONNECT_FAIL,
EV_MTU_SUCCESS,
EV_MTU_FAIL,
EV_AUTH_SUCCESS,
EV_AUTH_FAIL,
EV_TX_SUCCESS,
EV_TX_FAIL,
EV_DISCONNECTED,
EV_DISCON_FAILED,
EV_LAST_ENTRY,
} fsmEvName_t;
typedef struct fsmEvent_type
{
fsmEvName_t name;
struct timeval genTime; // Time the event was generated.
// This allows us to see how old the event is.
} fsmEvent_t;
// Finite State Machine Data Members
typedef struct fsmData_type
{
int connectTries;
int MTUtries;
int authTries;
int txTries;
} fsmData_t;
// Each row of the state table
typedef struct stateTable_type {
fsmState_t st; // Current state
fsmEvName_t evName; // Got this event
int (*conditionfn)(void *); // If this condition func returns TRUE
fsmState_t nextState; // Change to this state and
void (*fn)(void *); // Run this function
} stateTable_t;
// Finite State Machine state structure
typedef struct fsm_type
{
const stateTable_t *pStateTable; // Pointer to state table
int numStates; // Number of entries in the table
fsmState_t currentState; // Current state
fsmEvent_t currentEvent; // Current event
fsmData_t *fsmData; // Pointer to the data attributes
mqd_t mqdes; // Message Queue descriptor
mqd_t master_cmd_mqdes; // Master command message queue
} fsm_t;
// Wildcard events and wildcard state
#define EV_ANY -1
#define ST_ANY -1
#define TRUE (1)
#define FALSE (0)
// Maximum priority for message queues (see "man mq_overview")
#define FSM_PRIO (sysconf(_SC_MQ_PRIO_MAX) - 1)
static void addev (fsm_t *fsm, fsmEvName_t ev);
static void doNothing (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_MASTER_CMD_MSG);}
static void doInit (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_INIT_SUCCESS);}
static void doConnect (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_CONNECT_SUCCESS);}
static void doMTU (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_MTU_SUCCESS);}
static void reportFailConnect (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_ANY);}
static void doAuth (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_AUTH_SUCCESS);}
static void reportDisConnect (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_ANY);}
static void doDisconnect (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_ANY);}
static void doTransaction (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_TX_FAIL);}
static void fsmError (void *fsm) {addev(fsm, EV_ANY);}
static int currentlyLessThanMaxConnectTries (void *fsm) {
fsm_t *l = (fsm_t *)fsm;
return (l->fsmData->connectTries < 5 ? TRUE : FALSE);
}
static int isMoreThanMaxConnectTries (void *fsm) {return TRUE;}
static int currentlyLessThanMaxMTUtries (void *fsm) {return TRUE;}
static int isMoreThanMaxMTUtries (void *fsm) {return TRUE;}
static int currentyLessThanMaxAuthTries (void *fsm) {return TRUE;}
static int isMoreThanMaxAuthTries (void *fsm) {return TRUE;}
static int currentlyLessThanMaxTXtries (void *fsm) {return FALSE;}
static int isMoreThanMaxTXtries (void *fsm) {return TRUE;}
static int didNotSelfDisconnect (void *fsm) {return TRUE;}
static int waitForEvent (fsm_t *fsm);
static void runEvent (fsm_t *fsm);
static void runStateMachine(fsm_t *fsm);
static int newEventIsValid(fsmEvent_t *event);
static void getTime(struct timeval *time);
void printState(fsmState_t st);
void printEvent(fsmEvName_t ev);
// Global State Table
const stateTable_t GST[] = {
// Current state Got this event If this condition func returns TRUE Change to this state and Run this function
{ ST_UNINIT, EV_INIT_SUCCESS, NULL, ST_INIT, &doNothing },
{ ST_UNINIT, EV_INIT_FAIL, NULL, ST_UNINIT, &doInit },
{ ST_INIT, EV_MASTER_CMD_MSG, NULL, ST_INIT, &doConnect },
{ ST_INIT, EV_CONNECT_SUCCESS, NULL, ST_CONNECTED, &doMTU },
{ ST_INIT, EV_CONNECT_FAIL, ¤tlyLessThanMaxConnectTries, ST_INIT, &doConnect },
{ ST_INIT, EV_CONNECT_FAIL, &isMoreThanMaxConnectTries, ST_INIT, &reportFailConnect },
{ ST_CONNECTED, EV_MTU_SUCCESS, NULL, ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED, &doAuth },
{ ST_CONNECTED, EV_MTU_FAIL, ¤tlyLessThanMaxMTUtries, ST_CONNECTED, &doMTU },
{ ST_CONNECTED, EV_MTU_FAIL, &isMoreThanMaxMTUtries, ST_CONNECTED, &doDisconnect },
{ ST_CONNECTED, EV_DISCONNECTED, &didNotSelfDisconnect, ST_INIT, &reportDisConnect },
{ ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED, EV_AUTH_SUCCESS, NULL, ST_AUTHENTICATED, &doTransaction },
{ ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED, EV_AUTH_FAIL, ¤tyLessThanMaxAuthTries, ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED, &doAuth },
{ ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED, EV_AUTH_FAIL, &isMoreThanMaxAuthTries, ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED, &doDisconnect },
{ ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED, EV_DISCONNECTED, &didNotSelfDisconnect, ST_INIT, &reportDisConnect },
{ ST_AUTHENTICATED, EV_TX_SUCCESS, NULL, ST_AUTHENTICATED, &doDisconnect },
{ ST_AUTHENTICATED, EV_TX_FAIL, ¤tlyLessThanMaxTXtries, ST_AUTHENTICATED, &doTransaction },
{ ST_AUTHENTICATED, EV_TX_FAIL, &isMoreThanMaxTXtries, ST_AUTHENTICATED, &doDisconnect },
{ ST_AUTHENTICATED, EV_DISCONNECTED, &didNotSelfDisconnect, ST_INIT, &reportDisConnect },
{ ST_ANY, EV_DISCON_FAILED, NULL, ST_DONT_CHANGE, &doDisconnect },
{ ST_ANY, EV_ANY, NULL, ST_UNINIT, &fsmError } // Wildcard state for errors
};
#define GST_COUNT (sizeof(GST)/sizeof(stateTable_t))
int main()
{
int ret = 0;
fsmData_t dataAttr;
dataAttr.connectTries = 0;
dataAttr.MTUtries = 0;
dataAttr.authTries = 0;
dataAttr.txTries = 0;
fsm_t lfsm;
memset(&lfsm, 0, sizeof(fsm_t));
lfsm.pStateTable = GST;
lfsm.numStates = GST_COUNT;
lfsm.currentState = ST_UNINIT;
lfsm.currentEvent.name = EV_ANY;
lfsm.fsmData = &dataAttr;
struct mq_attr attr;
attr.mq_maxmsg = 30;
attr.mq_msgsize = sizeof(fsmEvent_t);
// Dev info
//printf("Size of fsmEvent_t [%ld]\n", sizeof(fsmEvent_t));
ret = mq_unlink("/abcmq");
if (ret == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error on mq_unlink(), errno[%d] strerror[%s]\n",
errno, strerror(errno));
}
lfsm.mqdes = mq_open("/abcmq", O_CREAT | O_RDWR, S_IWUSR | S_IRUSR, &attr);
if (lfsm.mqdes == (mqd_t)-1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error on mq_open(), errno[%d] strerror[%s]\n",
errno, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
doInit(&lfsm); // This will generate the first event
runStateMachine(&lfsm);
return 0;
}
static void runStateMachine(fsm_t *fsm)
{
int ret = 0;
if (fsm == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] NULL argument\n", __func__);
return;
}
// Cycle through the state machine
while (fsm->currentState != ST_TERM) {
printf("current state [");
printState(fsm->currentState);
printf("]\n");
ret = waitForEvent(fsm);
if (ret == 0) {
printf("got event [");
printEvent(fsm->currentEvent.name);
printf("]\n");
runEvent(fsm);
}
sleep(2);
}
}
static int waitForEvent(fsm_t *fsm)
{
//const int numFds = 2;
const int numFds = 1;
struct pollfd fds[numFds];
int timeout_msecs = -1; // -1 is forever
int ret = 0;
int i = 0;
ssize_t num = 0;
fsmEvent_t newEv;
if (fsm == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] NULL argument\n", __func__);
return -1;
}
fsm->currentEvent.name = EV_ANY;
fds[0].fd = fsm->mqdes;
fds[0].events = POLLIN;
//fds[1].fd = fsm->master_cmd_mqdes;
//fds[1].events = POLLIN;
ret = poll(fds, numFds, timeout_msecs);
if (ret > 0) {
// An event on one of the fds has occurred
for (i = 0; i < numFds; i++) {
if (fds[i].revents & POLLIN) {
// Data may be read on device number i
num = mq_receive(fds[i].fd, (void *)(&newEv),
sizeof(fsmEvent_t), NULL);
if (num == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error on mq_receive(), errno[%d] "
"strerror[%s]\n", errno, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
if (newEventIsValid(&newEv)) {
fsm->currentEvent = newEv;
} else {
return -1;
}
}
}
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "Error on poll(), ret[%d] errno[%d] strerror[%s]\n",
ret, errno, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
static int newEventIsValid(fsmEvent_t *event)
{
if (event == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] NULL argument\n", __func__);
return FALSE;
}
printf("[%s]\n", __func__);
struct timeval now;
getTime(&now);
if ( (event->name < EV_LAST_ENTRY) &&
((now.tv_sec - event->genTime.tv_sec) < (60*5))
)
{
return TRUE;
} else {
return FALSE;
}
}
//------------------------------------------------
// Performs event handling on the FSM (finite state machine).
// Make sure there is a wildcard state at the end of
// your table, otherwise; the event will be ignored.
//------------------------------------------------
static void runEvent(fsm_t *fsm)
{
int i;
int condRet = 0;
if (fsm == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] NULL argument\n", __func__);
return;
}
printf("[%s]\n", __func__);
// Find a relevant entry for this state and event
for (i = 0; i < fsm->numStates; i++) {
// Look in the table for our current state or ST_ANY
if ( (fsm->pStateTable[i].st == fsm->currentState) ||
(fsm->pStateTable[i].st == ST_ANY)
)
{
// Is this the event we are looking for?
if ( (fsm->pStateTable[i].evName == fsm->currentEvent.name) ||
(fsm->pStateTable[i].evName == EV_ANY)
)
{
if (fsm->pStateTable[i].conditionfn != NULL) {
condRet = fsm->pStateTable[i].conditionfn(fsm->fsmData);
}
// See if there is a condition associated
// or we are not looking for any condition
//
if ( (condRet != 0) || (fsm->pStateTable[i].conditionfn == NULL))
{
// Set the next state (if applicable)
if (fsm->pStateTable[i].nextState != ST_DONT_CHANGE) {
fsm->currentState = fsm->pStateTable[i].nextState;
printf("new state [");
printState(fsm->currentState);
printf("]\n");
}
// Call the state callback function
fsm->pStateTable[i].fn(fsm);
break;
}
}
}
}
}
//------------------------------------------------
// EVENT HANDLERS
//------------------------------------------------
static void getTime(struct timeval *time)
{
if (time == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] NULL argument\n", __func__);
return;
}
printf("[%s]\n", __func__);
int ret = gettimeofday(time, NULL);
if (ret != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "gettimeofday() failed: errno [%d], strerror [%s]\n",
errno, strerror(errno));
memset(time, 0, sizeof(struct timeval));
}
}
static void addev (fsm_t *fsm, fsmEvName_t ev)
{
int ret = 0;
if (fsm == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] NULL argument\n", __func__);
return;
}
printf("[%s] ev[%d]\n", __func__, ev);
if (ev == EV_ANY) {
// Don't generate a new event, just return...
return;
}
fsmEvent_t newev;
getTime(&(newev.genTime));
newev.name = ev;
ret = mq_send(fsm->mqdes, (void *)(&newev), sizeof(fsmEvent_t), FSM_PRIO);
if (ret == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "[%s] mq_send() failed: errno [%d], strerror [%s]\n",
__func__, errno, strerror(errno));
}
}
//------------------------------------------------
// end EVENT HANDLERS
//------------------------------------------------
void printState(fsmState_t st)
{
switch(st) {
case ST_UNKNOWN:
printf("ST_UNKNOWN");
break;
case ST_UNINIT:
printf("ST_UNINIT");
break;
case ST_INIT:
printf("ST_INIT");
break;
case ST_CONNECTED:
printf("ST_CONNECTED");
break;
case ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED:
printf("ST_MTU_NEGOTIATED");
break;
case ST_AUTHENTICATED:
printf("ST_AUTHENTICATED");
break;
case ST_ERROR:
printf("ST_ERROR");
break;
case ST_TERM:
printf("ST_TERM");
break;
default:
printf("unknown state");
break;
}
}
void printEvent(fsmEvName_t ev)
{
switch (ev) {
case EV_UNKNOWN:
printf("EV_UNKNOWN");
break;
case EV_INIT_SUCCESS:
printf("EV_INIT_SUCCESS");
break;
case EV_INIT_FAIL:
printf("EV_INIT_FAIL");
break;
case EV_MASTER_CMD_MSG:
printf("EV_MASTER_CMD_MSG");
break;
case EV_CONNECT_SUCCESS:
printf("EV_CONNECT_SUCCESS");
break;
case EV_CONNECT_FAIL:
printf("EV_CONNECT_FAIL");
break;
case EV_MTU_SUCCESS:
printf("EV_MTU_SUCCESS");
break;
case EV_MTU_FAIL:
printf("EV_MTU_FAIL");
break;
case EV_AUTH_SUCCESS:
printf("EV_AUTH_SUCCESS");
break;
case EV_AUTH_FAIL:
printf("EV_AUTH_FAIL");
break;
case EV_TX_SUCCESS:
printf("EV_TX_SUCCESS");
break;
case EV_TX_FAIL:
printf("EV_TX_FAIL");
break;
case EV_DISCONNECTED:
printf("EV_DISCONNECTED");
break;
case EV_LAST_ENTRY:
printf("EV_LAST_ENTRY");
break;
default:
printf("unknown event");
break;
}
}
Makefile
CXX = gcc
COMPFLAGS = -c -Wall -g
state_machine: state_machine.o
$(CXX) -lrt state_machine.o -o state_machine
state_machine.o: state_machine.c
$(CXX) $(COMPFLAGS) state_machine.c
clean:
rm state_machine state_machine.o
