Talvez eu ainda possa ajudar alguém que se depara com essa questão, porque esse é um problema muito antigo.
Eu também precisava disso e escrevi um comportamento para cuidar disso. Então aqui está o comportamento:
public class StretchMaxWidthBehavior : Behavior<FrameworkElement>
{
protected override void OnAttached()
{
base.OnAttached();
((FrameworkElement)this.AssociatedObject.Parent).SizeChanged += this.OnSizeChanged;
}
protected override void OnDetaching()
{
base.OnDetaching();
((FrameworkElement)this.AssociatedObject.Parent).SizeChanged -= this.OnSizeChanged;
}
private void OnSizeChanged(object sender, SizeChangedEventArgs e)
{
this.SetAlignments();
}
private void SetAlignments()
{
var slot = LayoutInformation.GetLayoutSlot(this.AssociatedObject);
var newWidth = slot.Width;
var newHeight = slot.Height;
if (!double.IsInfinity(this.AssociatedObject.MaxWidth))
{
if (this.AssociatedObject.MaxWidth < newWidth)
{
this.AssociatedObject.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
this.AssociatedObject.Width = this.AssociatedObject.MaxWidth;
}
else
{
this.AssociatedObject.HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch;
this.AssociatedObject.Width = double.NaN;
}
}
if (!double.IsInfinity(this.AssociatedObject.MaxHeight))
{
if (this.AssociatedObject.MaxHeight < newHeight)
{
this.AssociatedObject.VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Top;
this.AssociatedObject.Height = this.AssociatedObject.MaxHeight;
}
else
{
this.AssociatedObject.VerticalAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch;
this.AssociatedObject.Height = double.NaN;
}
}
}
}
Então você pode usá-lo assim:
<Grid>
<Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<ColumnDefinition Width="Auto" />
<ColumnDefinition />
</Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
<TextBlock Grid.Column="0" Text="Label" />
<TextBox Grid.Column="1" MaxWidth="600">
<i:Interaction.Behaviors>
<cbh:StretchMaxWidthBehavior/>
</i:Interaction.Behaviors>
</TextBox>
</Grid>
E, finalmente, esquecer de usar o System.Windows.Interactivity
namespace para usar o comportamento.