Obter erro: você deve instalar pelo menos um pacote postgresql-client- <versão> ao implantar no heroku

Question 1

sdilshod@sdilshod-Lenovo-B590:~/webapp/saturn$ heroku run rake db:migrate
Running `rake db:migrate` attached to terminal... up, run.6194
DEPRECATION WARNING: You have Rails 2.3-style plugins in    vendor/plugins! Support for these plugins will be removed in Rails 4.0.  Move them out and bundle them in your Gemfile, or fold them in to your app  as lib/myplugin/* and config/initializers/myplugin.rb. See the release  notes for more on this: http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2012/1/4/rails-3-2- 0-rc2-has-been-released. (called from <top (required)> at /app/Rakefile:7)
DEPRECATION WARNING: You have Rails 2.3-style plugins in  vendor/plugins! Support for these plugins will be removed in Rails 4.0.   Move them out and bundle them in your Gemfile, or fold them in to your app   as lib/myplugin/* and config/initializers/myplugin.rb. See the release   notes for more on this: http://weblog.rubyonrails.org/2012/1/4/rails-3-2-  0-rc2-has-been-released. (called from <top (required)> at /app/Rakefile:7)
 Error: You must install at least one postgresql-client-<version> package.
 rake aborted!
 Error dumping database
 /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-   3.2.12/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:415:in `block (3 levels)   in <top (required)>'
 /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activerecord- 3.2.12/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:188:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
/app/vendor/bundle/ruby/1.9.1/gems/activerecord-3.2.12/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:182:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
Tasks: TOP => db:structure:dump
(See full trace by running task with --trace)

heroku pg: psql funciona bem, mas quando eu migro o rake db: migrate, obtém um erro que precisa instalar o pg client. Onde eu preciso instalar o pg client? Qualquer ajuda

Question 2

Em um sistema baseado em Debian, os programas clientes PostreSQL são fornecidos pelo postgresql-client-common como links simbólicos para /usr/share/postgresql-common/pg_wrapper.

Se você instalar esse pacote e tentar usar qualquer um dos programas cliente PostgreSQL como psql , pg_dump , pg_dumpall e pg_restore , o pg_wrapper sem ter o pacote binário específico da versão instalado, como postgresql-client-9.1, ele emitirá este erro:

Você deve instalar pelo menos um pacote postgresql-client- <versão>

A maneira mais fácil de consertar isso é instalar o metapacote postgresql-client . Sempre depende do pacote do cliente de banco de dados atualmente suportado para PostgreSQL em sistemas baseados em Debian e depende do postgresql-client-common

sudo apt-get install postgresql-client

Question 3

Atualização em 30 de março de 2020

Concordo com a resposta escolhida, mas descobri que instalar o postgresql-client-12 em um Ubuntu 18 é um pouco mais complicado.

sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install vim bash-completion wget
sudo apt -y upgrade
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ `lsb_release -cs`-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list
sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install postgresql-client-12

Veja esta referência para detalhes.