Embora eu concorde com a resposta de Ihor Kaharlichenko por considerar C ++ e com a resposta de abyss.7 pela compacidade de sua saída, eles ainda estão incompletos para as versões multi-arch do gcc porque o processamento de entrada depende dos parâmetros e macros da linha de comando.
Exemplo:
echo | /opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ -specs=nano.specs -mcpu=cortex-m4 -march=armv7e-m -mthumb -mfloat-abi=soft -x c++ -E -Wp,-v\
- -fsyntax-only
rendimentos
⋮
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../arm-none-eabi/include/newlib-nano
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include/c++/9.2.1
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include/c++/9.2.1/arm-none-eabi/thumb/v7e-m/nofp
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include/c++/9.2.1/backward
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/include
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/include-fixed
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include
⋮
enquanto que os echo | /opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/arm-none-eabi-g++ -x c++ -E -Wp,-v - -fsyntax-only
rendimentos
⋮
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include/c++/9.2.1
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include/c++/9.2.1/arm-none-eabi
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include/c++/9.2.1/backward
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/include
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/include-fixed
/opt/gcc-arm-none-eabi-9-2019-q4-major/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/9.2.1/../../../../arm-none-eabi/include
⋮
A primeira chamada utiliza newlib
(consulte as linhas 1 e 3 da saída), a segunda segue as inclusões padrão. Os arquivos comuns no final da lista são um exemplo para o uso de include_next
.
Conclusão: sempre considere todas as macros e opções do compilador ao imprimir os diretórios de inclusão.
cpp -v /dev/null -o /dev/null