Estou executando o Debian Squeeze (x64):
# uname -srvmo
Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Mon Jan 16 16:22:28 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Eu tenho 2 sticks de 2 GB DDR2 compatíveis na minha placa-mãe G31M-S . Ele suporta até 8 GB:
Como este é um servidor, eu realmente não me importo com gráficos. Então eu ajustei para o mais baixo.
Internal Graphics Mode Select: Auto
Enabled, 1MB <--
Enabled, 8MB
DVMT Mode Select: Fixed Mode <--
Auto
DVMT/FIXED Memory: 128MB <--
256MB
No entanto, o Linux está detectando apenas 3.19GiB de memória:
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 3350712 kB
...
Olhando para o mapa E820 :
[ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000000e6000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 00000000cfdb0000 (usable)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000cfdb0000 - 00000000cfdc0000 (ACPI data)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000cfdc0000 - 00000000cfdf0000 (ACPI NVS)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000cfdf0000 - 00000000cfe00000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fed00000 - 00000000fed00400 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000ff380000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] DMI present.
[ 0.000000] AMI BIOS detected: BIOS may corrupt low RAM, working around it.
[ 0.000000] e820 update range: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (usable) ==> (reserved)
E fazendo um pouco de matemática:
>>> ((0x9F800 - 0x10000) + (0xCF6B0000 - 0x100000)) / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0
3.240476608276367
Temos quase a mesma resposta.
o que estou perdendo?
Não estou comprando completamente o argumento "espaço de endereço PCI". Retirando um dos dois 2 GB, a tela de configuração mostra 2048 MB.
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 2058432 kB
Isso é 1,96 GB.
Mapa E820 novamente:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000000e6000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000007fdb0000 (usable)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000007fdb0000 - 000000007fdc0000 (ACPI data)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000007fdc0000 - 000000007fdf0000 (ACPI NVS)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000007fdf0000 - 000000007fe00000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fed00000 - 00000000fed00400 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000ff380000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] DMI present.
[ 0.000000] AMI BIOS detected: BIOS may corrupt low RAM, working around it.
[ 0.000000] e820 update range: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (usable) ==> (reserved)
E a matemática ...
>>> ((0x9F800 - 0x10000) + (0x7fdb0000 - 0x100000)) / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0
1.9973125457763672
Então eu tenho 2 GB / 2 GB. /proc/cpuinfo
mostra que meu processador suporta endereçamento físico de 36 bits. 2 ^ 36 = 64GB, ao qual nem estou perto.
# ./smem -R 4G -w
Area Used Cache Noncache
firmware/hardware 843592 0 843592
kernel image 0 0 0
kernel dynamic memory 181116 134616 46500
userspace memory 287784 19736 268048
free memory 2881812 2881812 0