Usando awk
:
awk -F_ '{
printf "%s_%s_%s_%s",$1,toupper(substr($2,1,1))substr($2,2,2),$3,$4"\n"
}' foo
ou
awk -F_ '{
for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) {
if(i==2){
printf "%s",toupper(substr($i,1,1))substr($i,2,length($i)-1)
}
else {printf "%s",$i}
if(i<NF) {printf "%s","_"}
} printf "%s","\n"}' foo
Exemplo
% cat foo
syslog_apr_24_30
syslog_mar_01_17
% awk -F_ '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) {if(i==2){printf "%s",toupper(substr($i,1,1))substr($i,2,length($i)-1)} else {printf "%s",$i} if(i<NF) {printf "%s","_"}} printf "%s","\n"}' foo
syslog_Apr_24_30
syslog_Mar_01_17
% awk -F_ '{printf "%s_%s_%s_%s",$1,toupper(substr($2,1,1))substr($2,2,2),$3,$4"\n"}' foo
syslog_Apr_24_30
syslog_Mar_01_17
sed 's/_./\U&/'